Judas: When using an expression like "judas" or one of its derivatives, be aware of how many figures of speech are male-based. Balance them with female-based expressions, creative expressions of your own, or alternatives. For "judas" use false friend, betrayer, deceiver, traitor. For "judas goat" use bait, lure, decoy, trap, baited hook. For "judas hole/judas window" use peephole. For "judas kiss" use kiss of betrayal. See Writing Guidelines for a discussion of sex-linked expressions.

Judeo-christian: Avoid using this term in an exclusive manner; in recent years "judeo-christian" and "christian" have come to be casually used as inappropriate synonyms for morality. Use instead ethical, moral, decent, upstanding, righteous, upright, high-minded, honorable, principled, conscientious, moralistic, right, good. See also christian.

Jumping Jack: The child's toy remains a "jumping jack" when the figure is a man; if it is a clown, use jumping clown. For the conditioning exercise, use side-straddle hop.

Jumpmaster: Jump director

Junior/Jr.: Only boys/men are junior; neither girls/women with feminized versions of their father's names nor girls/women named for their mothers get legal tags indicating a name relationship. The old attitudes that go with "junior" children have been more closely associated with boys (laws of primogeniture, the handing on of father-son farms, firms, businesses, etc.) but have been slowly evolving to include girls. Much consciousness has been raised about the power and significance of naming; it remains to be seen what individuals with do with "juniors."

Junior executive: Executive trainee. "Junior trainee" is ageist and demeaning.

Junior miss: Young woman, teenager, high school student, adolescent. This term is ageist, sexist (no parallel term for boys), coy, old-fashioned, and conveys certain unrealistic cultural stereotypes.

Junkman: Junk dealer/collector, rag picker.

Jury foreman: See foreman (jury).

Juryman: juror.

Juvenile delinquent: Juvenile offender. Of 1989 juvenile arrests, 1,027,567 were boys/young men, 289,399 were girls/young women. In 1987, 6.9% of the 25,024 young people incarcerated in juvenile institutions were female.